Metal halide perovskites have emerged as highly promising materials for next-generation photovoltaic cells due to their exceptional optical and electronic properties. One key indicator of their potential is the significant improvement in performance, measured by power conversion efficiency (PCE), observed in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) over a short period of time, increasing from less than 4 percent to over 20 percent.
However, for these applications to be commercially viable, it is necessary to develop processing techniques that are compatible with industrial standards and address stability issues. Among the challenges faced by PSCs, the interfaces between the perovskite absorber and charge transport layers have been identified as major contributors to both PCE losses and instability. These transport layers play a critical role in efficiently extracting and transporting charge carriers. By optimizing these interfaces, it is possible to minimize losses, improve energy extraction, and enhance device efficiency and operational stability.
A collaborative research effort between imec and UHasselt at Energyville, Belgium, has focused on enhancing two crucial perovskite interfaces: the "upper" interface between the perovskite and the fullerene-C60 electron transport layer, and the "lower" interface between the perovskite and the NiOx-based hole transport layer. To increase efficiency, both interfaces were treated with an ammonium salt called 2-thiopheneethylammonium chloride (TEACl). The results obtained from these treated interfaces were compared to those of PSCs with untreated layers.
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